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- April 11, 2026

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Navigating India’s Debt Sustainability Amid Growth Headwinds

- June 16, 2025

Aviral Akshat 1 , Chellsea Lauhka 1 , Poulami Sarkar 1 aviralakshat.iitd@gmail.com, chellsea.lauhka31@gmail.com, poulamisarkar343@gmail.com 1 Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi As India enters the mid-2020s, its fiscal outlook is drawing increased scrutiny. Public spending surged in the aftermath of the global pandemic, pushing up both central and general government debt-to-GDP ratios. These trends have sparked concern in policy circles and among international observers. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that under adverse conditions, general government debt could be near 100% of GDP by FY2027–28 —particularly if climate-related investments rise without matching revenue efforts. Meanwhile, provisional GDP estimates for FY2024–25 show a slowdown to 6.5%, the weakest growth since the pandemic year of 2020–21. This mix of softening growth and elevated debt highlights the challenge of maintaining fiscal discipline while ensuring sustained public investment—both ess...

Empirical study on Human Development Index of Indian States & UTs: Data and Calculation

- April 13, 2025

Human Development Index Analysis of Indian States and Union Territories The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure that assesses the development level of regions based on three key dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. This analysis presents the calculation of HDI for all Indian states and union territories using the latest available data on life expectancy, education metrics, and per capita income. The results reveal significant disparities across regions, with Delhi, Kerala, and Himachal Pradesh emerging as top performers while states like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Uttar Pradesh require focused development efforts. Methodology for HDI Calculation The HDI calculation follows the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) methodology, which transforms indicators in different units into indices between 0 and 1 through normalization and then combines them using a geometric mean. Health Dimension The health dimension is measured by life expectancy at bi...

The Future of Indian Monetary Policy: Balancing Inflation Targeting with Financial Stability in a Digitising Economy

- June 16, 2025

Illustration: Ramandeep Kaur/ThePrint 1 Aviral Akshat , aviralakshat.iitd@gmail.com 1 Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Note - This research was conducted by the author for his term paper during “Spring Semester of 2025” for the course “ HSL717 - Perspectives on Indian Economy” under “Professor Jayan Jose Thomas” ABSTRACT This research examines the evolution of India's monetary policy framework between 2019 and 2025, analysing how the Reserve Bank of India has navigated dual mandates of inflation control and financial stability while addressing digitisation challenges. The study finds that while the Flexible Inflation Targeting framework has provided policy stability, its effectiveness in reducing average inflation below pre-implementation levels remains ambiguous. Banking sector health has improved significantly by successfully resolving non-performing as...

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Akshat Chronicles Inc.

Aviral Akshat: I’m an engineering student at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi with a stronger inclination towards ideas than equations. I am currently interning with CEEW. While I’ve learnt to work with numbers, it’s the realm of policy, economics, and public discourse that truly draws me in. Outside my academic work, I write independently, as a columnist and author, trying to make sense of the world through a broadly liberal and economic perspective. I’m less interested in chasing marks and more in pursuing meaning, and perhaps, a worthwhile disagreement now and then. I don’t just read the news, I try to ask why things are the way they are, and how they might be better. In time, I hope to work within the bureaucracy, not as a cog in the machine, but as someone who helps improve how the machine runs. With a technical grounding and a writer’s voice, I’m not out to make noise, I’m hoping to make sense.

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Growing importance of ADR methods in International disputes settelment.

- June 14, 2024

The use of ADR methods for solving international conflicts has been gaining great importance in the international dispute settlement sphere. This is caused by several factors such as the increasing complexity of the global trade, the issues of traditional litigation, and the desire for more versatile, efficient, and peaceful methods of settling the disputes. The field of ADR encompasses a strength of diverse processes, amongst them being arbitration, mediation, conciliation, and negotiation, each of which is adjacent to the court process convention of decision. The most comprehensive benefit of ADR is its efficiency. International litigations business is known to be notably slow, where cases that may take years due to procedural difficulties, and jurisdictional matters are involved in the course. ADR techniques, arbitration and mediation, especially, because they allow for quicker resolutions are generally quicker than litigating in courts. This is critical in international business, w...

India surpasses major economies in the growth of intangible investments.

- August 12, 2024

One major factor driving India's rapid progress in intangible resources is its position as one of the world’s leading hubs for innovation and intellectual property. According to a document published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), this marks the first time that data on India’s intangible investments has been made available. Intangible assets, which include R&D, know-how, software and data, design, brands, and reputation, are critical for generating value for both companies and economies. Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, head of WIPO’s economics and data analytics division and a contributor to the report, stated, “India was the most dominant in the field of intangible investment, surpassing several developed countries, thanks to its expertise in software and data.” In 2019, intangible investments represented over 10% of India's GDP, excluding the informal sector. This figure is comparable to the EU-22 average and exceeds Japan's 9%, indicating that India...

Liquidity Trap and effectiveness on monetary and fiscal policy in this context.

- June 11, 2024

A liquidity trap is an economic condition where traditional monetary policy loses its effectiveness due to very low or zero nominal interest rates. Despite efforts by central banks to stimulate the economy by reducing interest rates, individuals and businesses prefer holding cash rather than spending or investing it. This situation is often accompanied by a high level of uncertainty about the future, leading to an increase in savings as a precautionary measure. Consequently, the economy remains stagnant, and the usual tools of monetary policy, such as lowering interest rates, fail to generate the desired economic activity. In a liquidity trap, several characteristics become evident. Firstly, interest rates are extremely low, often near zero, as central banks attempt to make borrowing more attractive. Secondly, despite these low rates, savings rates remain high because consumers and businesses lack confidence in the economy's future prospects. They hoard cash, waiting for more favor...

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Navigating India’s Debt Sustainability Amid Growth Headwinds

Empirical study on Human Development Index of Indian States & UTs: Data and Calculation

The Future of Indian Monetary Policy: Balancing Inflation Targeting with Financial Stability in a Digitising Economy